Public perceptions of ecosystem services and preferences for design scenarios of the flooded bank along the Three Gorges Reservoir: Implications for sustainable management of novel ecosystems

The newly formed extensive flooded land associated with the Three Gorges Reservoir hold great potentials to provide ecosystem services (ESs) for surrounding cities and communities. Conflicting values and conventional management strategies may complicate and inhibit broad-scale decision-making for this novel ecosystem. Public attitudes are a crucial influence in the way this process plays out. This study was conducted to assess how the reservoir bank is perceived by the general public of Chongqing Municipality in terms of importance of riparian ESs, and preference for corresponding landscape design styles through photo-questionnaire interviewing. Although Chongqing citizens know little of the “ecosystem services” concept, they do recognise riparian environmental and ecological benefits especially the bank protection and pollution interception functions, while benefits of habitats for wildlife and flood attenuation were of less concern. Recreational values were least appreciated, which is inconsistent with other studies. This may be attributed to a wider, intensive environmental education in various social media in today’s China. But publicity has been dominated by toxic air, water and soil pollution control rather than the benefits of nature conservation and personal contact with nature. In line with recognition of ESs, there is quite strong preference for the forested design scenario and particularly vegetation components across the socio-demographic spectrum. Overall, socio-demographic variables have very low explanatory power for the perceptual responses. Our study also revealed misunderstandings around riparian functions and a gap between public expectations and special abiotic and biotic prerequisites in restoring novel ecosystems. Finally, we discuss the relevance of this research to urban novel ecosystems in general, and implications for raising public awareness, engaging appropriate public values in sustainable design and management of such ecosystems.     

基于Meta分析评价秸秆覆盖对我国北方半干旱区不同生态区域小麦产量的影响

为了明确秸秆覆盖对我国北方半干旱区不同降雨量和积温条件下小麦产量的影响,利用Meta定量分析方法分析秸秆覆盖和不同秸秆覆盖量对我国北方半干旱区不同降雨量和积温条件下小麦产量的影响。以“半干旱区”、“秸秆覆盖”和“小麦产量”为关键词搜集、筛选并整理1970-2019年公开发表的相关文献,建立综合文献数据库。分析秸秆覆盖、不同秸秆覆盖量、不同年均降雨量和不同年均积温与小麦产量的关系。结果表明,秸秆覆盖可以增加北方半干旱区不同降雨量和积温区域的小麦产量,主要通过增加有效穗数使小麦平均增产12.77%;当秸秆覆盖量为6 000~9 000kg/hm ²时,小麦增产率最高,为14.49%（9.01%~20.52%,CI>95%）;当年均降雨量为200~400mm时,小麦增产率最高,为19.36%（9.86%~28.49%,CI>95%）;当年均积温为0℃~3 000℃时,小麦增产率最高,为19.56%（16.36%~22.39%,CI>95%）。此研究结果可为我国北方半干旱区不同降雨量和积温区域采用秸秆覆盖技术栽培小麦提供理论依据。     

桓仁水库初级生产力和限制性营养盐研究

2018年4月10日、6月11日、8月14日在桓仁水库的上游(江南九队)、中游(砬砬岗子)和下游(泗河大地)3个站位用500 mL具塞磨口瓶盛装采水器采集的水库水样,进行限制性营养盐原位试验,同时测定水中溶解氧和初级生产力,并检测分析水体理化指标,以查明辽宁桓仁水库氮磷分布、营养盐限制和初级生产力状况,保护桓仁水库生态系统的结构和功能完整性。试验结果显示,营养盐加富试验中,0.5 mg/mL氮+0.3 mg/mL磷的添加组可显著提高水体中的溶解氧水平(P<0.05);上游和中游氮磷比为2∶1、下游氮磷比为4∶1可显著提高水体中的溶解氧水平(P<0.05);初级生产力随季节变化特征明显,原始P/R系数均小于试验组。根据试验结果分析得知,桓仁水库营养盐限制因素受季节变化的影响显著,具有氮、磷双限制等特征;根据初级生产力判断桓仁水库为自养代谢型水体。     

青海三江源区湿地状况及保护对策

从自然湿地分布的特性以及保护整体性角度出发,将三江源区范围确定为青海省内的长江流域全部、西南诸河的澜沧江二级流域全部以及黄河流域的龙羊峡以上二级流域组成的一个连续区域。统计计算了三江源区内面积≥100hm2的湿地类型、面积和流域分布。分析了湿地资源受威胁状况,并根据当地自然环境和社会经济的特殊情况,提出了湿地保护对策,为三江源湿地的系统保护提供了技术思路。     

密云水库集水区水源涵养林生态价值计算的一种新方法

密云水库为北京市的主要水源,水库周边的水源涵养林对水库的水量和水质有巨大影响。通过新的计算公式V=Pa.Qa-Pb.Qb计算,每年由于水源林耗水带来经济损失为5 230.77万元,而因为PI=∑Ci/Coi,水源林净水作用节约的水处理费为94 302.9万元,两者相减得出其生态价值为89 072.13万元。     

遥感植被指数在重点国有林区“三总量”伐区检查中的应用研究——以对鹤立林业局的研究为例

以鹤立林业局为研究区域,以2007年"三总量"检查的TM遥感判读区划结果和抽样现地检查结果为基础资料,分析了同期遥感数据之间、不同年份遥感数据之间采伐地块的植被指数变化,以及不同采伐方式和不同采伐强度与植被指数变化的关系,为利用遥感数据进行"三总量"检查进行了有益的探索和实践。     

鄂西三峡库区生物多样性保护对策

鄂西三峡库区包括宜昌、兴山、秭归和巴东等四县市。本文重点讨论生物多样性基本特点 ,保护珍稀的古老植物及三峡工程建设对动植物的影响和保护对策     

Effects of closing mountain for forest restoration in the watershed of Miyun reservoir,Beijing

The paper provides a systematical analysis of ecological restoration effects of natural secondary forest of closurearea in Chao Guanxi Gou, Miyun County, Beijing. The results indicate that through more than twenty years of hillclosing afforestation since 1983, canopy closure has improved almost by 0.2; forest cover rate has raised from 7.2% to 93.8%; biodiversity, tree biomass and vegetation community have increased to a great extent. Compared with the average canopy closure before hillclosing afforestation in this area, it has improved to over 0.4 in average and increased by 0.1-0.2. The forest coverage degree has reached more than 90%. Consequently, the forest plays more important roles in intercepting precipitation, improving water storage capacity of soil, decreasing the surface runoff, and preventing soil and water loss.     

以"三个代表"重要思想指导新时期高校共青团工作

根据对江总书记"三个代表"重要思想是马克思主义建党理论新发展的深刻理解,认为共青团作为党的助手和后备军,要始终以"三个代表"重要思想为指导,以"育人"为中心,加强思想教育,加强校园文化建设,加强创新教育。因为,只有这样,才能努力提高大学生的综合素质。     

Analysis on Schistosomiasis Occurrence And Preventive Measures in Three Gorges Reservoir

Recently, due to more flooding, schistosomiasis is in expanding tendency in some areas. With Three Gorges Engineering progress, schistosomiasis will occurr potentially in Three Gorges reservoir. In order to control the disease, some methods must be applied, e.g. chemicals, biological measures. To some extent every way has its specific effect. However, the vital way is improving the environment and reducing the amount of snails. One of the effective ways is conducting forestry ecological engineering that focuses on snail control and schistosomiasis prevention. The practical ways cover such as pollution controlling, ditches surface hardening. Especially for water-level-fluctuation zone, conducting forestry ecological engineering to improve environment to prevent snails＇ propagation is significant and vital. By operating the project environment could be greatly improved and people＇s living conditions would be bettered.